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安裝方法
| 密封填料（環）的裝配調整方法 | |
| 密封填料在機械裝置是一個易損配件，其使用壽命長短與裝配方法有密切關系，更換操作方法，可參考以下步驟： 一、在裝配新填料前，須將用過的填料環以專用工具全部取出來并且要把填料箱擦拭干凈，觀察填 料箱內各個部位有無磨損、偏心等缺陷，如不符合要求，應修復或更換； 二、將選擇好的填料置于清潔的案板或紙上，防止粘附上泥沙或雜質； 三、在裝配前，須以模具壓型，其方法是把填料纏繞在與機器軸相同直徑的木棒上，以鋒利的刀按 45°或90°角進行切割，把切斷的填料，裝入與填料箱尺寸相同的模具內（為了便于裝配， 模具的內外徑分別比填料箱大和小0.2毫米），置于壓機上，以300～500kgf/cm2的壓力壓成 環狀； 四、將預壓成環狀的填料，表面涂以潤滑脂，一個一個地裝入填料箱內，每裝一個環，使其切口相 違120°角，以木質軸套，將填料環送入填料箱底，要壓實壓平行； 五、往復運動的機械，在填料箱內的兩端和中間應放入導向環，以承受柱塞的重力和保持其同心運動； 六、為了提高密封效果，可采取選用兩種或兩種以上的填料或墊片進行混合裝配； 七、填料環裝配完畢后，將壓蓋裝上，用擰緊壓蓋螺絲的辦法，逐漸將填料壓實； 八、正式運轉前，先在無負荷的狀態下試運轉，觀察有無異常現象，然后正式開車；開車后要細心 觀察，有無因壓的不實，而泄漏嚴重，或因壓的過緊，急劇產生摩擦熱，燒壞填料的危險； 九、載負荷運轉后，應隨時細心觀察，精心維護，冷卻潤滑系統，要保持正常，泄漏嚴重時，要采 取擰緊壓蓋的措施，但不宜一次壓的太緊。 |
| Method for Fixing and Regulating the Gasketing Material(Ring) | |
| Gasketing material is a vulnerable accessory to machinery apparatus.The length of its service life is in close relation with the method of fixing therelf.When replacing the gasket,please refer to the following steps. Ⅰ.Before fixing new packing material,the used paceing material should be removed completely with special tools,and the box of pacding material should be mopped clean.Observe carefully to see if there is any partwithin the said box of packing material carrying any damage,wear or being off-centre.ln case of failure to be up to the required standard,the said box should bi repaired or replaced. Ⅱ.Put the selected gasketing material on clean board or paper so as to prevent it from being contaminated by dirt or impurity. Ⅲ.Before fixing,the gasketing material should be shaped by die-pressing.The method is:wind the gasketing material around a wooden stick with the same diameter as that ofof the related machine,and then cut it with sharp knife at an angle of 45°or 90°. Put the cut-out gasketing material into mould with the identical dimensions as these of the box of gasketing material(in order to make it convenient for fixing,the external and internal diameters of the mould are larger and smaller by 2mm than these of the gasketing-material box,respectively);and then use a pressor to press it(300-500 kg/cm2)into the shape of ring. Ⅳ.Apply lubricant resin on the pre-pressed ring-shaped gasketing material and then put into the box one by one.For each ring put into the box,put its cut surface at an off-angle of 120°,and use wooden a shaft sleeve to send the gasket rings to the bottom of the said gasket box.Press them securely into a parallel position to each other. Ⅴ.For reciprocal machines,there should be guide-rings at both ends and in the middle of the said gasket box so as to support the weight of the shaft or piston,and maintain its concentric movement. Ⅵ.In order to enhance tight-sealing performance,it is preferential to select two or more gasket materials or cushion plates,and mix them for the said fixing. Ⅵ.In order to enhance tight-sealing performance,it is preferential to select two or more gasket materials or cushion plates,and mix them for the said fixing. Ⅶ.After completing the fixing of gasket rings,put back the pressure cover,ane tighten the screws of the said cover,thus make the gasket material compact. Ⅷ.Before putting into regular operationn,try it under zero-load,and observe if there is anything abnormal.After putting into normal operation,it is still necessary to observe carefully to see if there is sudden friction-heat and the danger of ringburning as a result of ovet-compactness. Ⅸ.After the machine is put into loaded operation,careful observation and maintenance fron tine to time is must.The cooling system should be maintained at normal state.ln case of serious eakage, measures should be taken to tighten the screws of the cover,but it is not abvisabie to tighten it too vigorously at a single time. | |
| 密封墊片的選型 任何一種類型的墊片，在惡劣的使用環境中，要保證長時間的有效密封，都必須具備以下八個重要特性：抗滲透性：對于密封系統的介質，墊片在允許的溫度和壓力下應不滲透。可壓縮性：墊片和法蘭的接觸面在連接螺栓緊固后，應能很好吻合，以保證密封。抗蠕形性：墊片在壓力負荷和使用溫度的影響下，抗蠕形性應較好，否則會造成螺栓扭矩損失，導致墊片的表 面應力減小，從而引起系統泄漏。抗化學腐蝕：所選用的墊片應不受運用化學介質的腐蝕，而且不能污染介質。有彈性：即使在系統穩定的狀況下，相連接的兩個法蘭由于溫度和壓力的影響肯定會存在微小位移，故墊片的彈 性應能彌補此位移，以保證系統的密封性。抗黏附：墊片在使用后應能方便的從法蘭上拆除。無腐蝕性：墊片應對連接的法蘭表面無腐蝕性。耐溫度：所選用的墊片應保證在系統的溫度和溫度下正常使用。密封墊片的安裝 保證系統的密封除了要有好的密封材料外，還要按照以下正確的安裝方式：☆墊片必須安放在法蘭的正中心，這點對于凸肩法蘭尤其重要☆保證密封面的平整度和加工精度☆必須均勻對稱的緊固連接螺栓☆必須使用金屬墊圈以保證負荷均勻，緊固螺栓時使用扭力矩扳手☆在系統運行后，檢查和重新校正連接螺栓的扭矩☆為保證墊片的使用壽命，請不要使用液體或金屬基體的防粘劑或潤滑劑 | |
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